This research report by PEW RESEARCH CENTER: JOURNALISM & MEDIA STAFF, on the topic of Candidates differ in their use of social media to connect with the public, gives very direct quantitative and qualitative views on the use of media during the 2016 election. It provided many direct tweets, videos, polls, etc. from the 2016 elections, with a lot of interesting facts, such as most of the democratic candidates have their links to the traditional campaign sites, where Donald Trumps linked most to news media. Other chapters also discuss the topic on Digital news developments in U.S. presidential campaigns, 2000-2016 using content analysis method, you would be able to clearly see how much the presidential campaigns have changed throughout the years, how much more and more complicated they have become. Starting from Obama vs Romney in 2012, it has reduced the role for traditional news media, way larger digital activity, however, it was no comparison to the 2016 elections, in terms of direct interaction with public through digital media.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917323086
This scholar article issue named “The current state of fake news: challenges and opportunities” by Álvaro Figueira and Luciana Oliveira, gives well explanations on fake news. It's an unenviable phenomenon in our times, but there are always two sides to anything. It’s a content based research method that discusses what are the challenges and opportunities. It supports my point of views on my research topic, how fake news becomes the danger of society and how social media is treating the stake of high quality journalism. It provides a review on relevant cases, for example, how the lines have blurred between facts and speculation. There were 100 news sites that’s pro-trump, and these “do-it-yourself media” profit hugely from this. It also provides ways of fighting back fake news, with human intervention and using algorism; which will be a useful insight on expanding this research topic or give the readers on what they can take away from my research, other than simply discussing the media influence on the election. As it supposed to be a discussion that lead to a way bigger concern, not just limiting on numerous of events.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8853081/
One of the most famous word coming out of the past few years, is “fake news.” As a huge topic on how the mainstream media can easily put on a subjective story, changing the story and manipulate the public views on things. This scholar work of ‘The disaster of misinformation: a review of research in social media’ by Sadiq Muhammed and Saji K Mathew provide many of how media and misinformation played the roles in keys events during the past few years, which was very rough years all around the world, essentially the same with the topic of fake news and my research question. I think it pointed out one the most important reasons why the misinformation are so common all around the world, because people are scared and anxious about uncertain situations, and the when official or mainstream media couldn’t provide the information at timely manner, they gather the information from their peers, or other informal sources of information.
This is a scholarly book named ‘Presidential Campaigns in the Age of Social Media : Clinton and Trump’ by William L. Benoit , and Mark J. Glantz. It is very suitable to my research or my question, because it does not only give the methods or the process of winning a political campaign, it also gives you insight on what exactly are the importance of media influence these days, how being controversial is a way of success, and to be trendy on the internet. It provides information on which are the primary media these days, key events like the: primary tv spots, social medias, tv talk shows, debates. Furthermore, this book also gives comparison between new media, like Facebook and twitter and traditional media like tv, debates, speeches. For example, new media has way more advantage over traditional media in the election process, because it allows politicians to maintain direct control over their message, without gatekeeping the function of the media, and low cost of establishing them.
